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Risk factors for and prediction by caregivers of extubation failure in ICU patients: a prospective study
Thille, A.W., et al. Critical Care Medicine. 2015.
In over 500 intubated patients, extubation failure was linked to longer ventilation, ICU-acquired paresis, ineffective cough, abundant secretions, and more. Only one-third patients who required reintubation were considered at high risk for extubation failure by caregivers.
Frequent tracheal suctioning is associated with extubation failure in patients with successful spontaneous breathing trial
Carbon dioxide monitoring during long-term noninvasive respiratory support in children
Paiva R., et al. Intensive Care Medicine. 2009.
This study of 50 pediatric patients on noninvasive respiratory support shows that SpO2 and daytime ABGs are inadequate for detecting nighttime hypercapnia.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine scoring of sleep and associated events rules, rerminology and technical specifications
Version 2.6. 2020.
"tcpCO2 is recommended in adult and pediatric patients for detection of hypoventilation during PAP titration."
Comparison of end-tidal and transcutaneous measures of carbon dioxide during general anaesthesia in severely obese adults
Griffin J., et al. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2003.
This study compares the accuracy of end-tidal CO2 and transcutaneous CO2 in patients with obesity, and finds that in 83% of readings, tcpCO values were closer to PaCO2 than etCO2 values.
AARC clinical practice guideline: transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide and oxygen: 2012
Restrepo R.D., et al. Respiratory Care. 2012
"tcpCO2 monitoring may have an increased role in detecting sleep hypoventilation and assessing the efficacy of treatment of sleep disorders."
Continuous non-invasive PCO2 monitoring in weaning patients: Transcutaneous is advantageous over end-tidal PCO2
Schwarz S.B., et al. Respirology. 2017.
This study of 60 patients, half with COPD, found that transcutaneous monitoring was more accurate than end-tidal CO2 for both groups. It also noted that "underestimation of PaCO2 by PetCO2 was most pronounced in COPD patients."
Nocturnal oximetry and transcutaneous carbon dioxide in home-ventilated neuromuscular patients
Nardi J., et al. Respiratory Care. 2012.
This study on adult neuromuscular disorder patients with nocturnal alveolar hypoventilation found that most patients with CO2 abnormalities had normal SpO2, concluding that SpO2 alone is insufficient for detecting alveolar hypoventilation in these cases.
Utility of transcutaneous capnography for optimization of non-invasive ventilation pressures
Chhajed P.N., et al. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016.
This article examines the use of end-tidal and transcutaneous monitoring in the sleep lab. It finds that during NPPV, due to mask flow and leaks, end-tidal CO2 is may be unreliable, making transcutaneous CO2 (tcpCO2) a better option for continuous PaCO2 monitoring.
Monitoring of patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Storre J.H., et al. Pneumologie. 2014.
"Since tcpCO2 monitoring is non-invasive, does not disrupt sleep, and offers a more complete picture of alveolar ventilation than intermittent capillary PaCO2, it should be the preferred method for assessing alveolar ventilation during nocturnal NIV."
